The extraordinary events of the major,sudden stratospheric warming,the diminutive antarctic ozone hole,and its split in 2002

GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: Great interest in the unprecedented events of the major, sudden stratospheric warming and the ozone hole split over Antarctica in September 25, 2002 motivates a necessity to analyze the current understanding on the dynamics, chemistry and climate impacts that are associated with both events. METHODS: Significant progress in the analysis of the observational data obtained, as well as successful development and application of dynamical modeling, which have been achieved very recently, create a basis for the first survey on the role of the major, sudden stratospheric warming observed in the southern hemisphere and its relationship to the diminutive Antarctic ozone hole and its break up into two parts. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Special attention has been paid to assessments of the causes of the major warming event and the future expectations concerning the stratospheric ozone depletion effect. Among the principal results is the fact that, as the polar vortex elongated, it became hydrodynamically unstable, and this insta-, bility affected the upper troposphere and stratosphere. During the major, sudden stratospheric warming, the middle stratospheric vortex split into two pieces; one piece rapidly mixed with extra vortex air, while the other returned to the pole as a much weaker and smaller vortex. The polar night jet was considerably weaker than normal, and was displaced more poleward than has been observed in previous winters, resulting from a series of wave events (propagated from the troposphere) that took place over the course of the winter. Finally, the relative ozone decrease (increase) in the eastern Antarctic is tightly associated with westerly (easterly) zonal wind anomalies near the southern tip of South America, and the unusual behavior of the ozone hole in 2002 therefore appears to be caused by great easterlies in this region. CONCLUSIONS: The main conclusion is that the southern polar vortex and the diminutive ozone hole split into two parts in September 2002, due to the prevalence of very strong planetary waves, led to the appearance of a major, sudden stratospheric warming. Although there is evidence that sea surface temperature anomalies contributed to the excitation of the quite strong planetary waves over Antarctica in 2002, there is not yet a widely approved mechanism supporting that. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK:The appearance of the near-record size of the 2003 ozone hole confirmed that the 'no-ozone-hole' episode observed in the year 2002 does not denote a recovery of the ozone layer. Despite the current successful attempts to get a sufficient understanding for the genesis of both extraordinary events, more observations and further modeling efforts are necessary to more reliably assess the contribution of various dynamic mechanisms to the recently observed tropo-stratospheric surprises.     

广州地区典型灰霾过程及不同天气类型下边界层高度研究

利用2013年9月—2014年11月广州地区激光雷达观测结果,使用小波分析反演边界层高度(PBLH),通过归一化后向散射信号(NRB)的小波分解对小波分析中直接影响PBLH识别的尺度因子a进行了选取.并以2014年1月发生的一次灰霾过程为例,对灰霾过程的PBLH等边界层特征进行了分析,并对边界层垂直结构进行了初步探究.同时,利用自组织映射神经网络(SOM)进行了天气分型,对整个观测时段激光雷达反演的PBLH与天气型之间的关系进行了统计.结果表明,通过对NRB廓线的小波分解,小波分析尺度因子a取300较为合适.灰霾过程中PBLH均存在日变化.从平均结果来看,PBLH最高值出现在13:00,为850 m;最低值出现在5:00,为483 m.灰霾过程PBLH与PM_(2.5)之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.62,p0.01),风速与PM_(2.5)之间也呈显著负相关(r=-0.39,p0.01).对流边界层平均高度约为稳定边界层的1.5倍,峰值高度约为稳定边界层的3倍.低压天气系统控制下灰霾天气出现的概率较低,对应的PBLH明显较高,峰值高度在1200～1600 m,日间边界层发展极为明显.而高压天气系统控制下边界层发展容易受到抑制,峰值高度均低于1000 m.     

三索式格栅除污机电控系统的国产化设计

介绍了三索式格栅除污机的工艺及控制原理 ,提出了一些以低价的元器件代替高价元器件的方案 ,设计了国产化的电控系统 ,使整机完全实现国产化 ,降低了系统的成本 ,同时便于调试和维修。